Hepatitis E virus in Cuba: A cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and people occupationally exposed to pigs

Surveillance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in risk groups is an important strategy to monitor its circulation pattern and to timely detect changes thereof. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of HEV infections in pigs and humans from different regions of the country, to identify risk factors for increasing anti-HEV IgG prevalence and to characterize HEV strains. The presence of anti-HEV antibodies was assessed by commercial ELISA in serum samples from the general population, farm and slaughterhouse employees, as well as pigs sampled in the three regions of Cuba from February to September 2016. Overall, individuals with occupational exposure to swine or swine products (70/248, 28.2%) were 4 times more likely to be seropositive compared to the general population (25/285, 8.7%; OR: 4.18; p < .001). Within the risk group, risk factors included age, number of years working in a professional activity with direct exposure to swine, geographic region and distance between residence and closest professional swine setting, while wearing gloves had a protective effect. Prevalence of total anti-HEV antibodies in swine was 88.2% (165/187) and HEV RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 9.2% (16/173) swine stools. All HEV strains sequenced clustered within genotype 3. Some strains clearly belonged to subtype 3a, while another group of strains was related with subtypes 3b and 3 k but partial HEV sequences did not allow unequivocal subtype assignment. These findings suggest that the high HEV exposure in Cuban individuals with swine-related occupations could be due to enzootic HEV in certain regions, direct contact with infectious animals or their products as well as environmental contamination.     

Highly recurrent BRAF p.V595E mutation in canine papillary oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral epithelial malignancy in dogs. It exhibits locally aggressive biological behaviour with the potential to metastasize, and a reported 1-year survival rate of 0% when left untreated. Expression studies suggest that aberrant MAPK signalling plays a key role in canine OSCC tumorigenesis, which is consistent with BRAF and HRAS MAPK-activating mutations reported in some tumours. Several morphological subtypes of canine OSCC have been described, with papillary, conventional, and basaloid as the most common patterns. We hypothesized that mutational differences may underlie these phenotypic variations. In this study, targeted Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays demonstrate that up to 85.7% of canine papillary OSCC (n = 14) harbour a BRAF p.V595E mutation. Assessment of neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation using Ki67 immunolabelling (n = 10) confirmed a relatively high proliferation activity, consistent with their known aggressive clinical behaviour. These findings underscore a consistent genetic feature of canine papillary OSCC and provide a basis for the development of novel diagnostic and targeted therapeutic approaches that can improve the quality of veterinary care.     

四十种瓜菜中超氧化物歧化酶含量测定

采用化学发光法测定了40种蔬菜、瓜、果中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,并在此基础上探讨了9种蔬菜中维生素E、C、蛋白对SOD的影响以及它们之间的关系.还观察了蔬菜中SOD的热稳定性.结果表明,不同蔬菜、瓜、果间SOD含量的差异很大,其范围在1.26～176.10×10~(-3)g/g蛋白之间;去除脂溶性维生素E时SOD有不同程度的下降;维生素C及蛋白与SOD无明显对应关系;加热处理后样品的SOD仍得到较好保存.     

水平直元线犁体曲面的三维参数化设计

介绍了水平直元线三维参数化设计犁体曲面的方法,并利用其设计了相关的犁体曲面.与犁体曲面平面作图的方法相比较,该方法克服了犁体曲面平面作图设计的缺陷和不足,缩短了犁体曲面的设计周期,降低了设计费用,提高了设计质量,效果较好,为后续犁体曲面开发奠定了良好的基础.     

基于特征的离心泵叶片参数化三维造型

介绍了Pro/E二次开发的方法,对离心泵叶片三维参数化造型进行研究并建立特征模型。利用定义了参数和拓扑关系的离心泵叶片的Pro/E模型文件,通过二次开发工具Pro/TOOLKIT对模型文件中定义参数进行访问,最终完成离心泵叶片的参数化三维造型。     

基于边界层理论的叶轮的仿真

根据边界层理论推导的叶片型线方程，用pro/E建立了叶轮的三维仿真模型。该模型提供了设计离心式固液两相流泵叶轮的一种方法，通过pro/E的族表功能，只要输入叶轮的基本参数就能快速生成基于边界层理论的叶轮的模型，所以建立该模型对工业生产有一定的参考价值。     

基于PSS/E参数文件的电力系统可视化图形生成系统

利用PSS/E形成的参数等值数据文件，结合电力系统数字仿真数据结构的特点，提出了一种只需人工输入少量信息(PSS／E节点名)，充分利用已有的PSS/E参数文件，支持等值网络的绘图系统。本系统能自动进行网络拓扑编号；自动从PSS/E参数数据文件中搜索到用于仿真的等值数据、自动进行三相节点编号、计算并保存等值机的数据信息；根据PSS／E数据文件对网络结构进行自检，仿真结果以COMTRADE格式数据输出。本系统减少了用户工作量，充分利用了已有资源，提高了电网分析的智能化和准确性。     

基于Pro/E Wildfire的水泵叶轮精确建模

基于传统的叶片加工方式，从现有的二维水力木模图的型值点出发，基于Pro／E Wildfire软件，采用从点到线、从线到曲面、再从曲面到实体的方法，实现了泵叶轮空间扭曲叶片和圆柱形叶片的三维实体造型，利用制造模具的常用方法实现了泵叶轮和流道的造型，造型方法精确，为后续的流场数值模拟和数控加工奠定了基础。     

基于PRO/E的水轮机转轮三维造型

利用Pro／E和AutoCAD的良好接口直接调入已有的混流式转轮二维木模图的叶片截面图形，对于上冠和下环附近叶片延展时的不确定性和容易出现的畸变问题采用了虚拟上冠和确定叶片尖点的方法，进行了转轮的三维造型。造型完成后，可直接利用Pro／E下的分析功能得出叶片真实厚度、重心位置、体积、表面积、转轮开口、转轮质量等相关数据。实现了转轮三维几何设计与流体动力学设计的一体化．为转轮内流动CFD分析、性能预测和CAM奠定了可靠的基础。     

四缸直列汽油机曲轴设计系统

本系统以Pro／E软件和曲轴零件的设计要求及设计计算理论为依托，以VC＋＋6.0编程软件为工具．以Pro／E二次开发接口应用程序Pro／TOOLKIT为手段，采用动态链接库DLL方式实现了Pro／E、Pro／TOOLKIT和MFC三者之间的通信。而且，曲轴零件的全参数化设计与开放数据库ODBC相连接，实现了资料检索和数据管理的系统化。并且以CA488为例对设计系统进行了详细说明。